Review



glass suction electrodes  (Instrumente GmbH)

 
  • Logo
  • About
  • News
  • Press Release
  • Team
  • Advisors
  • Partners
  • Contact
  • Bioz Stars
  • Bioz vStars
    • 90
      Buy from Supplier

    Structured Review

    Instrumente GmbH glass suction electrodes
    Physiological approaches. The modulatory effects of myosuppressin on cardiac muscle were assessed in two ways: ( A ) measuring changes in glutamate-evoked muscle contractions, and ( B ) measuring changes in the postsynaptic responses (excitatory junction potentials; EJPs) that were evoked by stimulating the terminal segment of the posterior lateral motor nerve that innervates the transverse muscle (TM). ( A ) Photograph of the dissected lobster heart that has been cut along the ventral, rostral–caudal axis to reveal the cardiac ganglion (CG) and associated cardiac muscles. The preparation was stained using methylene blue to visualize nerve and muscle tissue. A force transducer (FT) was used to measure contractions in one of the TM. Contractions were evoked in the absence of the CG (dissected out; indicated by the “X” over the CG) via focal application of glutamate (Glut, 5.5 × 10 −4 M). A representative force transducer trace is shown below the photograph with blue arrows indicating three instances of focally applied glutamate. ( B ) The same photograph used in (A) to show a schematic of how postsynaptic excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) were recorded. Similar to (A) , the CG was dissected away from the heart; however, in this approach, a segment of terminal nerve (no neurons present) was left intact so that a suction <t>electrode</t> (Stim.) could be used to stimulate the motor nerve. In this way, we were able to record single EJPs from the TM fibers using a sharp electrode (schematic on the right). EJPs were then amplified and recorded; an example recording is shown below the photograph with teal arrows indicating when each nerve stimulus was delivered (voltage transients are visible on the voltage trace).
    Glass Suction Electrodes, supplied by Instrumente GmbH, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/glass+suction+electrodes/glass+suction+electrodes/pmc11816307-78-0-8
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    glass suction electrodes - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    90/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Peptidergic Modulation of the Lobster Cardiac System Has Opposing Action on Neurons and Muscles"

    Article Title: Peptidergic Modulation of the Lobster Cardiac System Has Opposing Action on Neurons and Muscles

    Journal: Integrative Organismal Biology

    doi: 10.1093/iob/obaf002

    Physiological approaches. The modulatory effects of myosuppressin on cardiac muscle were assessed in two ways: ( A ) measuring changes in glutamate-evoked muscle contractions, and ( B ) measuring changes in the postsynaptic responses (excitatory junction potentials; EJPs) that were evoked by stimulating the terminal segment of the posterior lateral motor nerve that innervates the transverse muscle (TM). ( A ) Photograph of the dissected lobster heart that has been cut along the ventral, rostral–caudal axis to reveal the cardiac ganglion (CG) and associated cardiac muscles. The preparation was stained using methylene blue to visualize nerve and muscle tissue. A force transducer (FT) was used to measure contractions in one of the TM. Contractions were evoked in the absence of the CG (dissected out; indicated by the “X” over the CG) via focal application of glutamate (Glut, 5.5 × 10 −4 M). A representative force transducer trace is shown below the photograph with blue arrows indicating three instances of focally applied glutamate. ( B ) The same photograph used in (A) to show a schematic of how postsynaptic excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) were recorded. Similar to (A) , the CG was dissected away from the heart; however, in this approach, a segment of terminal nerve (no neurons present) was left intact so that a suction electrode (Stim.) could be used to stimulate the motor nerve. In this way, we were able to record single EJPs from the TM fibers using a sharp electrode (schematic on the right). EJPs were then amplified and recorded; an example recording is shown below the photograph with teal arrows indicating when each nerve stimulus was delivered (voltage transients are visible on the voltage trace).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Physiological approaches. The modulatory effects of myosuppressin on cardiac muscle were assessed in two ways: ( A ) measuring changes in glutamate-evoked muscle contractions, and ( B ) measuring changes in the postsynaptic responses (excitatory junction potentials; EJPs) that were evoked by stimulating the terminal segment of the posterior lateral motor nerve that innervates the transverse muscle (TM). ( A ) Photograph of the dissected lobster heart that has been cut along the ventral, rostral–caudal axis to reveal the cardiac ganglion (CG) and associated cardiac muscles. The preparation was stained using methylene blue to visualize nerve and muscle tissue. A force transducer (FT) was used to measure contractions in one of the TM. Contractions were evoked in the absence of the CG (dissected out; indicated by the “X” over the CG) via focal application of glutamate (Glut, 5.5 × 10 −4 M). A representative force transducer trace is shown below the photograph with blue arrows indicating three instances of focally applied glutamate. ( B ) The same photograph used in (A) to show a schematic of how postsynaptic excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) were recorded. Similar to (A) , the CG was dissected away from the heart; however, in this approach, a segment of terminal nerve (no neurons present) was left intact so that a suction electrode (Stim.) could be used to stimulate the motor nerve. In this way, we were able to record single EJPs from the TM fibers using a sharp electrode (schematic on the right). EJPs were then amplified and recorded; an example recording is shown below the photograph with teal arrows indicating when each nerve stimulus was delivered (voltage transients are visible on the voltage trace).

    Techniques Used: Muscles, Staining, Amplification

    Related Articles

    Muscles:

    Article Title: Peptidergic Modulation of the Lobster Cardiac System Has Opposing Action on Neurons and Muscles
    Article Snippet: preparation, a terminal segment of the posterior lateral nerve was left intact so that axonal fibers could be stimulated via a suction electrode. .. Glass suction electrodes pulled on a DMZ-Universal Puller (Zeitz-Instrumente Vertriebs GmbH, Planegg, Germany) were hand cut and fire polished using a microforge (MF-830 Narishige, Tokyo, Japan) to have a 100-μm opening at the tip. .. A model 2100 isolated pulse stimulator (A-M Systems, Sequim, WA, USA) or a Grass S88 dual output square pulse stimulator (Grass Instruments) was used

    Staining:

    Article Title: Peptidergic Modulation of the Lobster Cardiac System Has Opposing Action on Neurons and Muscles
    Article Snippet: preparation, a terminal segment of the posterior lateral nerve was left intact so that axonal fibers could be stimulated via a suction electrode. .. Glass suction electrodes pulled on a DMZ-Universal Puller (Zeitz-Instrumente Vertriebs GmbH, Planegg, Germany) were hand cut and fire polished using a microforge (MF-830 Narishige, Tokyo, Japan) to have a 100-μm opening at the tip. .. A model 2100 isolated pulse stimulator (A-M Systems, Sequim, WA, USA) or a Grass S88 dual output square pulse stimulator (Grass Instruments) was used

    Amplification:

    Article Title: Peptidergic Modulation of the Lobster Cardiac System Has Opposing Action on Neurons and Muscles
    Article Snippet: preparation, a terminal segment of the posterior lateral nerve was left intact so that axonal fibers could be stimulated via a suction electrode. .. Glass suction electrodes pulled on a DMZ-Universal Puller (Zeitz-Instrumente Vertriebs GmbH, Planegg, Germany) were hand cut and fire polished using a microforge (MF-830 Narishige, Tokyo, Japan) to have a 100-μm opening at the tip. .. A model 2100 isolated pulse stimulator (A-M Systems, Sequim, WA, USA) or a Grass S88 dual output square pulse stimulator (Grass Instruments) was used



    Similar Products

    glass suction electrodes  (A-M Systems)
    86
    A-M Systems glass suction electrodes
    Glass Suction Electrodes, supplied by A-M Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/glass+suction+electrodes/electrodes+suction/bio_rxiv__64898__2026__03__19__712770-228-10-17
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    glass suction electrodes - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    86/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    custom fitted glass suction electrode  (Digitimer North America LLC)
    96
    Digitimer North America LLC custom fitted glass suction electrode
    Custom Fitted Glass Suction Electrode, supplied by Digitimer North America LLC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/glass+suction+electrodes/DS3+Constant+Current+Stimulator/bio_rxiv__64898__2026__03__13__711618-258-10-20
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    custom fitted glass suction electrode - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    96/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    glass suction electrode  (A-M Systems)
    86
    A-M Systems glass suction electrode
    Glass Suction Electrode, supplied by A-M Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/glass+suction+electrodes/electrode+suction/bio_rxiv__64898__2026__03__04__707658-66-14-23
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    glass suction electrode - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    86/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    glass suction electrodes  (Instrumente GmbH)
    90
    Instrumente GmbH glass suction electrodes
    Physiological approaches. The modulatory effects of myosuppressin on cardiac muscle were assessed in two ways: ( A ) measuring changes in glutamate-evoked muscle contractions, and ( B ) measuring changes in the postsynaptic responses (excitatory junction potentials; EJPs) that were evoked by stimulating the terminal segment of the posterior lateral motor nerve that innervates the transverse muscle (TM). ( A ) Photograph of the dissected lobster heart that has been cut along the ventral, rostral–caudal axis to reveal the cardiac ganglion (CG) and associated cardiac muscles. The preparation was stained using methylene blue to visualize nerve and muscle tissue. A force transducer (FT) was used to measure contractions in one of the TM. Contractions were evoked in the absence of the CG (dissected out; indicated by the “X” over the CG) via focal application of glutamate (Glut, 5.5 × 10 −4 M). A representative force transducer trace is shown below the photograph with blue arrows indicating three instances of focally applied glutamate. ( B ) The same photograph used in (A) to show a schematic of how postsynaptic excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) were recorded. Similar to (A) , the CG was dissected away from the heart; however, in this approach, a segment of terminal nerve (no neurons present) was left intact so that a suction <t>electrode</t> (Stim.) could be used to stimulate the motor nerve. In this way, we were able to record single EJPs from the TM fibers using a sharp electrode (schematic on the right). EJPs were then amplified and recorded; an example recording is shown below the photograph with teal arrows indicating when each nerve stimulus was delivered (voltage transients are visible on the voltage trace).
    Glass Suction Electrodes, supplied by Instrumente GmbH, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/glass+suction+electrodes/glass+suction+electrodes/pmc11816307-78-0-8
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    glass suction electrodes - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    90/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    glass suction electrode  (Digitimer North America LLC)
    97
    Digitimer North America LLC glass suction electrode
    Physiological approaches. The modulatory effects of myosuppressin on cardiac muscle were assessed in two ways: ( A ) measuring changes in glutamate-evoked muscle contractions, and ( B ) measuring changes in the postsynaptic responses (excitatory junction potentials; EJPs) that were evoked by stimulating the terminal segment of the posterior lateral motor nerve that innervates the transverse muscle (TM). ( A ) Photograph of the dissected lobster heart that has been cut along the ventral, rostral–caudal axis to reveal the cardiac ganglion (CG) and associated cardiac muscles. The preparation was stained using methylene blue to visualize nerve and muscle tissue. A force transducer (FT) was used to measure contractions in one of the TM. Contractions were evoked in the absence of the CG (dissected out; indicated by the “X” over the CG) via focal application of glutamate (Glut, 5.5 × 10 −4 M). A representative force transducer trace is shown below the photograph with blue arrows indicating three instances of focally applied glutamate. ( B ) The same photograph used in (A) to show a schematic of how postsynaptic excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) were recorded. Similar to (A) , the CG was dissected away from the heart; however, in this approach, a segment of terminal nerve (no neurons present) was left intact so that a suction <t>electrode</t> (Stim.) could be used to stimulate the motor nerve. In this way, we were able to record single EJPs from the TM fibers using a sharp electrode (schematic on the right). EJPs were then amplified and recorded; an example recording is shown below the photograph with teal arrows indicating when each nerve stimulus was delivered (voltage transients are visible on the voltage trace).
    Glass Suction Electrode, supplied by Digitimer North America LLC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/glass+suction+electrodes/Neurolog/pm39351903-41-16-29
    Average 97 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    glass suction electrode - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    97/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    small glass suction electrode fitted with a silver wire  (Nilaco corp)
    90
    Nilaco corp small glass suction electrode fitted with a silver wire
    Physiological approaches. The modulatory effects of myosuppressin on cardiac muscle were assessed in two ways: ( A ) measuring changes in glutamate-evoked muscle contractions, and ( B ) measuring changes in the postsynaptic responses (excitatory junction potentials; EJPs) that were evoked by stimulating the terminal segment of the posterior lateral motor nerve that innervates the transverse muscle (TM). ( A ) Photograph of the dissected lobster heart that has been cut along the ventral, rostral–caudal axis to reveal the cardiac ganglion (CG) and associated cardiac muscles. The preparation was stained using methylene blue to visualize nerve and muscle tissue. A force transducer (FT) was used to measure contractions in one of the TM. Contractions were evoked in the absence of the CG (dissected out; indicated by the “X” over the CG) via focal application of glutamate (Glut, 5.5 × 10 −4 M). A representative force transducer trace is shown below the photograph with blue arrows indicating three instances of focally applied glutamate. ( B ) The same photograph used in (A) to show a schematic of how postsynaptic excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) were recorded. Similar to (A) , the CG was dissected away from the heart; however, in this approach, a segment of terminal nerve (no neurons present) was left intact so that a suction <t>electrode</t> (Stim.) could be used to stimulate the motor nerve. In this way, we were able to record single EJPs from the TM fibers using a sharp electrode (schematic on the right). EJPs were then amplified and recorded; an example recording is shown below the photograph with teal arrows indicating when each nerve stimulus was delivered (voltage transients are visible on the voltage trace).
    Small Glass Suction Electrode Fitted With A Silver Wire, supplied by Nilaco corp, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/glass+suction+electrodes/small+glass+suction+electrode+fitted+with+a+silver+wire/pmc11723772-34-26-28
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    small glass suction electrode fitted with a silver wire - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    90/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    suction electrode fabricated glass tubing  (Harvard Bioscience)
    90
    Harvard Bioscience suction electrode fabricated glass tubing
    Physiological approaches. The modulatory effects of myosuppressin on cardiac muscle were assessed in two ways: ( A ) measuring changes in glutamate-evoked muscle contractions, and ( B ) measuring changes in the postsynaptic responses (excitatory junction potentials; EJPs) that were evoked by stimulating the terminal segment of the posterior lateral motor nerve that innervates the transverse muscle (TM). ( A ) Photograph of the dissected lobster heart that has been cut along the ventral, rostral–caudal axis to reveal the cardiac ganglion (CG) and associated cardiac muscles. The preparation was stained using methylene blue to visualize nerve and muscle tissue. A force transducer (FT) was used to measure contractions in one of the TM. Contractions were evoked in the absence of the CG (dissected out; indicated by the “X” over the CG) via focal application of glutamate (Glut, 5.5 × 10 −4 M). A representative force transducer trace is shown below the photograph with blue arrows indicating three instances of focally applied glutamate. ( B ) The same photograph used in (A) to show a schematic of how postsynaptic excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) were recorded. Similar to (A) , the CG was dissected away from the heart; however, in this approach, a segment of terminal nerve (no neurons present) was left intact so that a suction <t>electrode</t> (Stim.) could be used to stimulate the motor nerve. In this way, we were able to record single EJPs from the TM fibers using a sharp electrode (schematic on the right). EJPs were then amplified and recorded; an example recording is shown below the photograph with teal arrows indicating when each nerve stimulus was delivered (voltage transients are visible on the voltage trace).
    Suction Electrode Fabricated Glass Tubing, supplied by Harvard Bioscience, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/glass+suction+electrodes/borosilicate+glass+suction+electrodes/pm39329148-239-15-21
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    suction electrode fabricated glass tubing - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    90/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    tight-fitting glass suction electrodes  (A-M Systems)
    90
    A-M Systems tight-fitting glass suction electrodes
    Physiological approaches. The modulatory effects of myosuppressin on cardiac muscle were assessed in two ways: ( A ) measuring changes in glutamate-evoked muscle contractions, and ( B ) measuring changes in the postsynaptic responses (excitatory junction potentials; EJPs) that were evoked by stimulating the terminal segment of the posterior lateral motor nerve that innervates the transverse muscle (TM). ( A ) Photograph of the dissected lobster heart that has been cut along the ventral, rostral–caudal axis to reveal the cardiac ganglion (CG) and associated cardiac muscles. The preparation was stained using methylene blue to visualize nerve and muscle tissue. A force transducer (FT) was used to measure contractions in one of the TM. Contractions were evoked in the absence of the CG (dissected out; indicated by the “X” over the CG) via focal application of glutamate (Glut, 5.5 × 10 −4 M). A representative force transducer trace is shown below the photograph with blue arrows indicating three instances of focally applied glutamate. ( B ) The same photograph used in (A) to show a schematic of how postsynaptic excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) were recorded. Similar to (A) , the CG was dissected away from the heart; however, in this approach, a segment of terminal nerve (no neurons present) was left intact so that a suction <t>electrode</t> (Stim.) could be used to stimulate the motor nerve. In this way, we were able to record single EJPs from the TM fibers using a sharp electrode (schematic on the right). EJPs were then amplified and recorded; an example recording is shown below the photograph with teal arrows indicating when each nerve stimulus was delivered (voltage transients are visible on the voltage trace).
    Tight Fitting Glass Suction Electrodes, supplied by A-M Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/glass+suction+electrodes/glass+suction+electrodes/bio_rxiv__2024__09__18__613279-313-8-20
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    tight-fitting glass suction electrodes - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    90/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    suction electrode fabricated from glass tubing  (Harvard Bioscience)
    90
    Harvard Bioscience suction electrode fabricated from glass tubing
    Physiological approaches. The modulatory effects of myosuppressin on cardiac muscle were assessed in two ways: ( A ) measuring changes in glutamate-evoked muscle contractions, and ( B ) measuring changes in the postsynaptic responses (excitatory junction potentials; EJPs) that were evoked by stimulating the terminal segment of the posterior lateral motor nerve that innervates the transverse muscle (TM). ( A ) Photograph of the dissected lobster heart that has been cut along the ventral, rostral–caudal axis to reveal the cardiac ganglion (CG) and associated cardiac muscles. The preparation was stained using methylene blue to visualize nerve and muscle tissue. A force transducer (FT) was used to measure contractions in one of the TM. Contractions were evoked in the absence of the CG (dissected out; indicated by the “X” over the CG) via focal application of glutamate (Glut, 5.5 × 10 −4 M). A representative force transducer trace is shown below the photograph with blue arrows indicating three instances of focally applied glutamate. ( B ) The same photograph used in (A) to show a schematic of how postsynaptic excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) were recorded. Similar to (A) , the CG was dissected away from the heart; however, in this approach, a segment of terminal nerve (no neurons present) was left intact so that a suction <t>electrode</t> (Stim.) could be used to stimulate the motor nerve. In this way, we were able to record single EJPs from the TM fibers using a sharp electrode (schematic on the right). EJPs were then amplified and recorded; an example recording is shown below the photograph with teal arrows indicating when each nerve stimulus was delivered (voltage transients are visible on the voltage trace).
    Suction Electrode Fabricated From Glass Tubing, supplied by Harvard Bioscience, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/glass+suction+electrodes/borosilicate+glass+capillaries/pmc11426119-280-14-16
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    suction electrode fabricated from glass tubing - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    90/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier

    Image Search Results


    Physiological approaches. The modulatory effects of myosuppressin on cardiac muscle were assessed in two ways: ( A ) measuring changes in glutamate-evoked muscle contractions, and ( B ) measuring changes in the postsynaptic responses (excitatory junction potentials; EJPs) that were evoked by stimulating the terminal segment of the posterior lateral motor nerve that innervates the transverse muscle (TM). ( A ) Photograph of the dissected lobster heart that has been cut along the ventral, rostral–caudal axis to reveal the cardiac ganglion (CG) and associated cardiac muscles. The preparation was stained using methylene blue to visualize nerve and muscle tissue. A force transducer (FT) was used to measure contractions in one of the TM. Contractions were evoked in the absence of the CG (dissected out; indicated by the “X” over the CG) via focal application of glutamate (Glut, 5.5 × 10 −4 M). A representative force transducer trace is shown below the photograph with blue arrows indicating three instances of focally applied glutamate. ( B ) The same photograph used in (A) to show a schematic of how postsynaptic excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) were recorded. Similar to (A) , the CG was dissected away from the heart; however, in this approach, a segment of terminal nerve (no neurons present) was left intact so that a suction electrode (Stim.) could be used to stimulate the motor nerve. In this way, we were able to record single EJPs from the TM fibers using a sharp electrode (schematic on the right). EJPs were then amplified and recorded; an example recording is shown below the photograph with teal arrows indicating when each nerve stimulus was delivered (voltage transients are visible on the voltage trace).

    Journal: Integrative Organismal Biology

    Article Title: Peptidergic Modulation of the Lobster Cardiac System Has Opposing Action on Neurons and Muscles

    doi: 10.1093/iob/obaf002

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Physiological approaches. The modulatory effects of myosuppressin on cardiac muscle were assessed in two ways: ( A ) measuring changes in glutamate-evoked muscle contractions, and ( B ) measuring changes in the postsynaptic responses (excitatory junction potentials; EJPs) that were evoked by stimulating the terminal segment of the posterior lateral motor nerve that innervates the transverse muscle (TM). ( A ) Photograph of the dissected lobster heart that has been cut along the ventral, rostral–caudal axis to reveal the cardiac ganglion (CG) and associated cardiac muscles. The preparation was stained using methylene blue to visualize nerve and muscle tissue. A force transducer (FT) was used to measure contractions in one of the TM. Contractions were evoked in the absence of the CG (dissected out; indicated by the “X” over the CG) via focal application of glutamate (Glut, 5.5 × 10 −4 M). A representative force transducer trace is shown below the photograph with blue arrows indicating three instances of focally applied glutamate. ( B ) The same photograph used in (A) to show a schematic of how postsynaptic excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) were recorded. Similar to (A) , the CG was dissected away from the heart; however, in this approach, a segment of terminal nerve (no neurons present) was left intact so that a suction electrode (Stim.) could be used to stimulate the motor nerve. In this way, we were able to record single EJPs from the TM fibers using a sharp electrode (schematic on the right). EJPs were then amplified and recorded; an example recording is shown below the photograph with teal arrows indicating when each nerve stimulus was delivered (voltage transients are visible on the voltage trace).

    Article Snippet: Glass suction electrodes pulled on a DMZ-Universal Puller (Zeitz-Instrumente Vertriebs GmbH, Planegg, Germany) were hand cut and fire polished using a microforge (MF-830 Narishige, Tokyo, Japan) to have a 100-μm opening at the tip.

    Techniques: Muscles, Staining, Amplification